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Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites

Received: 8 September 2020     Accepted: 19 September 2020     Published: 5 February 2022
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Abstract

PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusion compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of talcum powder on crystallinity, thermal and thermomechanical, mechanical and morphological properties of PHBV/talc composites were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, SEM, DMA, and mechanical testing. It was found that talc can change the sluggish crystallinity of PHBV. The talc enhanced the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites which lead to a faster crystallization rate. The heat distortion temperature, crystallinity, and the modulus of PHBV/talc composite also increased. The HDT value of the talc-filled PHBV is significantly higher than the pure PHBV, The HDT value of PHBV increases from 129.87°C to 145.48°C with adding the 20% weight fraction of talc. The DMA result revealed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the content of talc. The change in storage modulus demonstrated the reinforcing effect of talc. The isothermal crystallization behavior of PHBV studied by DSC and analyzed by Avrami equation indicate that with the addition of the talc, the crystallization rate of the PHBV increases in the composites. Talc therefore enhances the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites. SEM images showed a fine dispersion of talc in the polymer matrix. The tensile modulus results were theoretically supported by the application of the Halpin-Tsai equation which supported the accuracy of the results obtained from the tensile tests.

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12
Page(s) 7-16
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioplastic, Nucleating Agent, Reinforcing Filler, Extrusion, Crystalization Composite

References
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[2] Bugnicourt, E, Cinelli, P, Lazzeri, A, Alvarez, V, (2014), “Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): Review of synthesis, characteristics, processing and potential applications in packaging”, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, Vol. 8, No. 11, 791–808 Available [online] at www.expresspolymlett.com (Accessed 18 Aug 2016).
[3] Liu, W, J, Yang, H, L, Wang, Z, Dong, L, S, Liu, J, J, (2002), ”Effect of nucleating agents on the crystallization of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 86, Pages 2145–2152, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[4] Kai, W, He, Y, Inoue, Y, (2005), “Fast crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with talc and boron nitride as nucleating agents”, Journal of Polymer International, Volume 54, Issue 5, Pages 780–789.
[5] Kucerova, J, (2008),” Nucleating and clarifying agents for polymers”, [online] Available at http://digilib.k.utb.cz/bitstream/handle/10563/7290/ku%C4%8Derov%C3%A1_2008_bp.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed 17 Aug 2016).
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[7] Whaling, A, Bhardwaj, R, Mohanty, A, (2006), ”Novel Talc-Filled Biodegradable Bacterial Polyester Composite”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol 45, Issue 22, pages 7497–7503.
[8] Gunaratne, L. M. W. K, Shanks, R. A, (2005), “Multiple melting behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) using step-scan DSC”, European Polymer Journal, Vol: 41, Pages 2980–2988.
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[11] Obata, Y, Sumitomo, T, (2001), “The effect of talc on the crystal orientation in polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber/talc polymer blends in injection molding” Polymer Engineering & Science, Vol 41, Issue 3, pages 408–416.
[12] Kunioka, M. Tamaki, A. and Doi, Y., (1989), “Crystalline and thermal properties of bacterial copolyesters: poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate),” Macromolecules, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 694–697.
[13] Li, G.; Helms, J. E.; Pang, S. S., Schulz, K,(2001), “Analytical Modeling of Tensile Strength of Particulate-Filled Composites”. Polym. Compos. Vol22, Pages 593-603.
[14] De Armitt, C, (2011),” functional fillers for plastics”, in book Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, by Kutz, Elsevier, page 458.
[15] Xanthos, M, (2010),” Functional Fillers for Plastics”, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & co, page 35.
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  • APA Style

    Arjang Aminishahsavarani, Ali Salimian, Karnik Tarverdi, Hari Upadhyaya. (2022). Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites. Composite Materials, 6(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12

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    ACS Style

    Arjang Aminishahsavarani; Ali Salimian; Karnik Tarverdi; Hari Upadhyaya. Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites. Compos. Mater. 2022, 6(1), 7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12

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    AMA Style

    Arjang Aminishahsavarani, Ali Salimian, Karnik Tarverdi, Hari Upadhyaya. Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites. Compos Mater. 2022;6(1):7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12,
      author = {Arjang Aminishahsavarani and Ali Salimian and Karnik Tarverdi and Hari Upadhyaya},
      title = {Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites},
      journal = {Composite Materials},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {7-16},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20220601.12},
      abstract = {PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusion compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of talcum powder on crystallinity, thermal and thermomechanical, mechanical and morphological properties of PHBV/talc composites were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, SEM, DMA, and mechanical testing. It was found that talc can change the sluggish crystallinity of PHBV. The talc enhanced the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites which lead to a faster crystallization rate. The heat distortion temperature, crystallinity, and the modulus of PHBV/talc composite also increased. The HDT value of the talc-filled PHBV is significantly higher than the pure PHBV, The HDT value of PHBV increases from 129.87°C to 145.48°C with adding the 20% weight fraction of talc. The DMA result revealed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the content of talc. The change in storage modulus demonstrated the reinforcing effect of talc. The isothermal crystallization behavior of PHBV studied by DSC and analyzed by Avrami equation indicate that with the addition of the talc, the crystallization rate of the PHBV increases in the composites. Talc therefore enhances the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites. SEM images showed a fine dispersion of talc in the polymer matrix. The tensile modulus results were theoretically supported by the application of the Halpin-Tsai equation which supported the accuracy of the results obtained from the tensile tests.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Talcum Powder as a Nucleating Agent and Reinforcing Filler in PHBV Composites
    AU  - Arjang Aminishahsavarani
    AU  - Ali Salimian
    AU  - Karnik Tarverdi
    AU  - Hari Upadhyaya
    Y1  - 2022/02/05
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12
    T2  - Composite Materials
    JF  - Composite Materials
    JO  - Composite Materials
    SP  - 7
    EP  - 16
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-7103
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.12
    AB  - PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusion compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of talcum powder on crystallinity, thermal and thermomechanical, mechanical and morphological properties of PHBV/talc composites were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, SEM, DMA, and mechanical testing. It was found that talc can change the sluggish crystallinity of PHBV. The talc enhanced the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites which lead to a faster crystallization rate. The heat distortion temperature, crystallinity, and the modulus of PHBV/talc composite also increased. The HDT value of the talc-filled PHBV is significantly higher than the pure PHBV, The HDT value of PHBV increases from 129.87°C to 145.48°C with adding the 20% weight fraction of talc. The DMA result revealed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the content of talc. The change in storage modulus demonstrated the reinforcing effect of talc. The isothermal crystallization behavior of PHBV studied by DSC and analyzed by Avrami equation indicate that with the addition of the talc, the crystallization rate of the PHBV increases in the composites. Talc therefore enhances the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites. SEM images showed a fine dispersion of talc in the polymer matrix. The tensile modulus results were theoretically supported by the application of the Halpin-Tsai equation which supported the accuracy of the results obtained from the tensile tests.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK

  • Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK

  • Wolfson Centre for Material Processing, Brunel University London, London, UK

  • Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK

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